Confronter le regard colonial de Rouanet : Une lecture critique

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Hicham CHAMI

Résumé

L’étude ethnographique de la culture musicale maghrébine trouve ses origines dans le discours colonialiste qui qui a exercé une influence sur la littérature produite pendant (et avant) la période connue sous le nom de « La Ruée vers l’Afrique » (1884-1914). La récurrence de la dynamique de supériorité/infériorité dans ce discours engendre une opposition entre la culture européenne et la pratique locale, reléguant cette dernière au nom de « la mission civilisatrice » en cours dans la région. Ma lecture du texte de Jules Rouanet sur les musiques maghrébines, et spécifiquement marocaines, dans l’Encyclopédie de la Musique et Dictionnaire du Conservatoire met en lumière des problèmes idéologiques et sémantiques dans son travail tout en situant son récit colonialiste dans le cadre plus large de la littérature eurocentrique dominante.  En identifiant ces présomptions et interprétations sujettes à controverse, les ethnographes contemporains sont tenus non seulement de remettre en question la littérature colonialiste, mais aussi de réévaluer et de décoloniser « l’érudition orientaliste » (cf. Laâbi, 2016, p. 67). Une tâche simultanée remet en question les normes au sein des disciplines de l'ethnomusicologie et de l'anthropologie concernant la recherche indigène. Cette approche se doit de reconnaitre les voix autochtones comme des sources de savoir faisant autorité tant sur le terrain que dans le milieu académique (cf. Semali & Kincheloe, 1999 ; Tuhiwai Smith, 2021) tout en renversant le cadre hégémonique eurocentrique établi durant l'ère coloniale et attestant les inexactitudes et les injustices du passé.

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CHAMI, H. (2023). Confronter le regard colonial de Rouanet : Une lecture critique. Turath, 1(2), 9–22. Consulté à l’adresse https://journals.crasc.dz/index.php/turath/article/view/15
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